Determining errors in forms using eye movement

ABSTRACT

Tracking eye movement during the completion of a form on a mobile computing device to determine possible errors and suggest changes to the form. To improve data quality, eye-tracking data is used to determine input fields on a form that cause issues for a user; based on the eye tracking data, suggestions are made to change a response or to modify the form.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates generally to the field of data processing,and more particularly to help presentations within an operatorinterface.

Entities use forms for a variety of purposes (e.g., employmentquestionnaires, satisfaction surveys, internal reporting, etc.). Manyentities are increasingly employing forms that users can complete on amobile computing device. However, form inputs generally include errorswhen completed by using a mobile computing device, such as a smartphone.

Eye tracking technology enables measurement of the direction of anindividual's gaze. Some mobile computing devices have incorporatedeye-tracking technology.

SUMMARY

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is a method,computer program product, and/or system that performs the followingoperations (not necessarily in the following order): (i) receiving a setof responses to a set of input fields in a form; (ii) tracking a set ofeye movements, across the form, of a user correlating to receipt of theset of responses; and (iii) informing the user of a set of possibleerrors in the set of responses. The set of possible errors is based, atleast in part, on the set of responses and the set of eye movements. Atleast tracking a set of eye movements is performed by computer softwarerunning on computer hardware.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram view of a first embodiment of a systemaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a first embodiment method performed, atleast in part, by the first embodiment system;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram view of a machine logic (e.g., software)portion of the first embodiment system; and

FIG. 4 is a screenshot view of a form to be completed on a secondembodiment of a system according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Tracking eye movement during the completion of a form on a mobilecomputing device to determine possible errors and suggest changes to theform. To improve data quality, eye-tracking data is used to determineinput fields on a form that cause issues for a user; based on the eyetracking data, suggestions are made to change a response or to modifythe form. This Detailed Description section is divided into thefollowing sub-sections: (i) Hardware and Software Environment; (ii)Example Embodiment; (iii) Further Comments and/or Embodiments; and (iv)Definitions.

I. Hardware and Software Environment

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product. The computer program product may include a computerreadable storage medium (or media) having computer readable programinstructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of thepresent invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, andconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operations to be performed on the computer, otherprogrammable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implementedprocess, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, otherprogrammable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/actsspecified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of theorder noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

An embodiment of a possible hardware and software environment forsoftware and/or methods according to the present invention will now bedescribed in detail with reference to the Figures. FIG. 1 is afunctional block diagram illustrating various portions of networkedcomputers system 100, including: form accuracy sub-system 102; mobilecomputing device sub-system 104; smartphone sub-system 106; tabletsub-system 108; and communication network 114. Form accuracy sub-system102 contains: form accuracy computer 200; display device 212; andexternal devices 214. Form accuracy computer 200 contains: communicationunit 202; processor set 204; input/output (I/O) interface set 206;memory device 208; and persistent storage device 210. Memory device 208contains: random access memory (RAM) devices 230; and cache memorydevice 232. Persistent storage device 210 contains: accuracy datastorage 220; and form accuracy program 300. Mobile computing devicesub-system 104 contains: form 216; and camera 218.

Form accuracy sub-system 102 is, in many respects, representative of thevarious computer sub-systems in the present invention. Accordingly,several portions of form accuracy sub-system 102 will now be discussedin the following paragraphs.

Form accuracy sub-system 102 may be a laptop computer, a tabletcomputer, a netbook computer, a personal computer (PC), a desktopcomputer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, or anyprogrammable electronic device capable of communicating with the clientsub-systems via communication network 114. Form accuracy program 300 isa collection of machine readable instructions and/or data that is usedto create, manage, and control certain software functions that will bediscussed in detail, below, in the Example Embodiment sub-section ofthis Detailed Description section.

Form accuracy sub-system 102 is capable of communicating with othercomputer sub-systems via communication network 114. Communicationnetwork 114 can be, for example, a local area network (LAN), a wide areanetwork (WAN) such as the Internet, or a combination of the two, and caninclude wired, wireless, or fiber optic connections. In general,communication network 114 can be any combination of connections andprotocols that will support communications between server and clientsub-systems.

Form accuracy sub-system 102 is shown as a block diagram with manydouble arrows. These double arrows (no separate reference numerals)represent a communications fabric, which provides communications betweenvarious components of form accuracy sub-system 102. This communicationsfabric can be implemented with any architecture designed for passingdata and/or control information between processors (such asmicroprocessors, communications processors, and/or network processors,etc.), system memory, peripheral devices, and any other hardwarecomponents within a system. For example, the communications fabric canbe implemented, at least in part, with one or more buses.

Memory device 208 and persistent storage device 210 are computerreadable storage media. In general, memory device 208 can include anysuitable volatile or non-volatile computer readable storage media. It isfurther noted that, now and/or in the near future: (i) external devices214 may be able to supply some, or all, memory for form accuracysub-system 102; and/or (ii) devices external to form accuracy sub-system102 may be able to provide memory for form accuracy sub-system 102.

Form accuracy program 300 is stored in persistent storage device 210 foraccess and/or execution by one or more processors of processor set 204,usually through memory device 208. Persistent storage device 210: (i) isat least more persistent than a signal in transit; (ii) stores theprogram (including its soft logic and/or data) on a tangible medium(such as magnetic or optical domains); and (iii) is substantially lesspersistent than permanent storage. Alternatively, data storage may bemore persistent and/or permanent than the type of storage provided bypersistent storage device 210.

Form accuracy program 300 may include both substantive data (that is,the type of data stored in a database) and/or machine readable andperformable instructions. In this particular embodiment (i.e., FIG. 1),persistent storage device 210 includes a magnetic hard disk drive. Toname some possible variations, persistent storage device 210 may includea solid-state hard drive, a semiconductor storage device, a read-onlymemory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a flashmemory, or any other computer readable storage media that is capable ofstoring program instructions or digital information.

The media used by persistent storage device 210 may also be removable.For example, a removable hard drive may be used for persistent storagedevice 210. Other examples include optical and magnetic disks, thumbdrives, and smart cards that are inserted into a drive for transfer ontoanother computer readable storage medium that is also part of persistentstorage device 210.

Communication unit 202, in these examples, provides for communicationswith other data processing systems or devices external to form accuracysub-system 102. In these examples, communication unit 202 includes oneor more network interface cards. Communication unit 202 may providecommunications through the use of either or both physical and wirelesscommunications links. Any software modules discussed herein may bedownloaded to a persistent storage device (such as persistent storagedevice 210) through a communications unit (such as communication unit202).

I/O interface set 206 allows for input and output of data with otherdevices that may be connected locally in data communication with formaccuracy computer 200. For example, I/O interface set 206 provides aconnection to external devices 214. External devices 214 will typicallyinclude devices, such as a keyboard, a keypad, a touch screen, and/orsome other suitable input device. External devices 214 can also includeportable computer readable storage media, such as, for example, thumbdrives, portable optical or magnetic disks, and memory cards. Softwareand data used to practice embodiments of the present invention (e.g.,form accuracy program 300) can be stored on such portable computerreadable storage media. In these embodiments, the relevant software may(or may not) be loaded, in whole or in part, onto persistent storagedevice 210 via I/O interface set 206. I/O interface set 206 alsoconnects in data communication with display device 212.

Display device 212 provides a mechanism to display data to a user andmay be, for example, a computer monitor or a smart phone display screen.

Form 216 (FIG. 4) is a document or other software that requires a userto provide inputs. Form 216 can include a variety of methods of inputincluding, but not limited to: checkboxes; combo boxes; date pickers;drop-down lists; list boxes; radio buttons; sliders; spinners; and/ortext boxes.

Camera 218 is a component of mobile computing device sub-system 104.Camera 218 can be any component capable of tracking eye movements of auser while the user is completing form 216 on mobile computing devicesub-system 104. Camera 218 can be a photographic camera, a video camera,a movie camera, or any other device capable of recording images of eyemovement. Additionally, camera 218 can be any other device capable ofdetecting eye movement of a user. One configuration for camera 218 is tobe a “front-facing” camera (i.e., a camera pointing at a user while theuser is viewing a screen on mobile computing device sub-system 104).Camera 218 can be integrated into mobile computing device sub-system104. Alternatively, camera 218 can be a component external to mobilecomputing device sub-system 104.

Accuracy data storage 220 is a persistent storage device where inputs toform 216 are stored. Accuracy data storage 220 can store inputs to form216 in a variety of manners including, but not limited to, by: user;form type; and input method type.

The programs described herein are identified based upon the applicationfor which they are implemented in a specific embodiment of theinvention. However, it should be appreciated that any particular programnomenclature herein is used merely for convenience, and thus, theinvention should not be limited to use solely in any specificapplication identified and/or implied by such nomenclature.

The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present inventionhave been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intendedto be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Manymodifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skillin the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles ofthe embodiment, the practical application or technical improvement overtechnologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinaryskill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

II. Example Embodiment

FIG. 2 shows flowchart 250 depicting a method according to the presentinvention. FIG. 3 shows form accuracy program 300, which performs atleast some of the method operations of flowchart 250. This method andassociated software will now be discussed, over the course of thefollowing paragraphs, with extensive reference to FIG. 2 (for the methodoperation blocks) and FIG. 3 (for the software blocks). In this example,a police officer, Jane, is investigating a traffic incident at anintersection and, as part of her duties, is completing form 216 (FIGS. 1and 4) on mobile computing device sub-system 104. Form 216 contains avariety of input fields (sometimes called entry fields), including, butnot limited to: checkboxes; radio buttons; and text boxes.

Processing begins at operation S255, where receive module (“mod”) 302receives a set of form inputs. In this example, Jane is completing form216 to describe a two-car accident at the intersection of Main Streetand First Avenue. Jane uses the different input fields on form 216, suchas driver name (a text box) and direction of travel (a set of radiobuttons) to describe the incident. Receive mod 302 receives as an inputfrom Jane that the first car, driven by Abel, was traveling north onFirst Avenue and that the second car, driven by Bob, was traveling southon Main Street. Jane has also input the time (a spinner) and the weatherconditions (a set of checkboxes). Receive mod 302 receives as an inputfrom Jane that the accident occurred at 11:30 pm and that the weatherwas clear and sunny. In some embodiments of the present invention,receive mod 302 stores a set of inputs to accuracy data storage 220.

Processing proceeds to operation S260, where track mod 304 tracks auser's eye movement during completion of a form. In this example, Janecompletes form 216 on mobile computing device sub-system 104, asmartphone that includes camera 218 (FIG. 1). While Jane completes form216, track mod 304 tracks Jane's eye movement over form 216. Track mod304 determines that Jane's eyes: (i) lingered on the driver name inputfields for approximately ten seconds each, while also intermittentlyturning away from form 216; (ii) only stayed on the direction of travelinput field for three seconds each, while briefly turning away from form216; (iii) stayed on the time input field for five seconds, but includeda three minute gap during which Jane was not looking at form 216; and(iv) lingered on the weather conditions for ten seconds. Alternatively,the software used to track eye movement is stored on the smartphone.

Processing proceeds to operation S265, where compare mod 306 compares aset of form inputs and a set of tracking data to a set of historicaldata. In this example, compare mod 306 compares the inputs received fromJane and the tracking data of Jane's eyes to historical data stored inaccuracy data storage 220. Compare mod 306 determines: (i) a variety ofprevious errors relate to direction of travel, noting that Janedescribed an accident occurring at an intersection with Abel and Bobtraveling in opposite directions, not intersecting directions; (ii) someprevious errors relate to weather conditions, noting that Jane describedan incident occurring at 11:30 pm, but the weather was sunny; and (iii)a significant portion of previous errors relate to distractions, notingthat Jane did not look at form 216 for three minutes while selecting thetime.

Processing proceeds to operation S270, where inform mod 308 informs auser of possible errors during completion of a form. In this example,inform mod 308 informs Jane of three possible errors received inoperation S255 during Jane's completion of form 216. Jane confirms thatAble was traveling north on First Avenue and Bob was traveling south onMain Street; the roads intersect at an acute angle, but generally runparallel. Jane also confirms that it was sunny at the time of theaccident, but revises the time input field, changing the time of theincident from 11:30 pm to 11:30 am. Alternatively, inform mod 308automatically adjusts a set of inputs received in operation S255 based,at least in part, on a set of data tracked during operation S260 and aset of historical data stored in accuracy data storage 220. In someembodiments of the present invention, inform mod 308 adjusts a set ofinputs to conform with a set of historical data stored in accuracy datastorage 220.

Processing terminates at operation S275, where suggest mod 310 suggestsmodifications to a form. In this example, suggest mod 310 suggestsmodifications to form 216 based, at least in part, on the interactionwith Jane, stored in accuracy data storage 220. Suggest mod 310 suggestsa clarification to the direction of travel input field; the suggestionsare: (i) add an input field specifying the general direction of travelon the roadway, distinct from the direction of travel input field; (ii)add a compass to form 216 to more accurately state the direction oftravel; and (iii) if a user looks away from form 216 for more than 15seconds, highlight the last input field at which the user looked.

III. Further Comments and/or Embodiments

Some embodiments of the present invention recognize the following facts,potential problems, and/or potential areas for improvement with respectto the current state of the art: (i) conventional technology is unableto determine a cause of an error in a form; (ii) conventional technologyis unable to correct an error in a form in real-time; and/or (iii)conventional technology is unable to suggest improvements to a form todecrease the occurrence of errors.

Some embodiments of the present invention may include one, or more, ofthe following features, characteristics, and/or advantages: (i)determining a cause of an error in a form; (ii) correcting an error in aform in real-time; and/or (iii) suggesting improvements to a form todecrease the occurrence of errors.

Some embodiments of the present invention improve data quality of formscompleted on mobile computing devices using eye-tracking information.Some embodiments of the present invention analyze a root cause of a dataentry error and/or problem in data quality in forms completed on amobile computing device. Some embodiments of the present inventionprovide solutions to data entry errors and/or problems in data qualityby suggesting corrections to the user in real-time. Some embodiments ofthe present invention improve data quality by suggesting modificationsto and/or modifying a form.

Some embodiments of the present invention notify a user about a commonerror made in the completion of a form based, at least in part, onstored historical data regarding, (i) the form, and (ii) eye-trackingdata related to completion of the form. Some embodiments of the presentinvention modify a form and/or options within a form based difficultyexperienced by a user. Some embodiments of the present invention suggestthe addition and/or adjustment of tools on a mobile computing device toimprove a user experience in completing a form and/or decreasedifficulty experienced by a user.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a form accuracy sub-systemnotifies a user of a common error based on completion of an input fieldon a form and suggests a change in the response to the input field. Insome embodiments of the present invention, a form accuracy sub-systemdetermines a potential error in an input field based, at least in part,on an eye gesture of a user indicating uncertainty on the part of theuser. In some embodiments of the present invention, eye trackingmeasures gestures of an eye or the eyes of a user. In some embodimentsof the present invention, gestures of an eye include, but are notlimited to: (i) time of viewing; (ii) hesitations; (iii) doubts; (iv)rapid movement; and/or (v) speed of scanning. In some embodiments of thepresent invention, input fields on a form include, but are not limitedto: (i) checkboxes; (ii) combo boxes; (iii) date pickers; (iv) drop-downlists; (v) list boxes; (vi) radio buttons; (vii) sliders; (viii)spinners; and/or (ix) text boxes. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, a form accuracy sub-system determines response optionsbetween which a user debated. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, a form accuracy sub-system selects a different action basedon an incorrect response to an input field based, at least in part, on aset of incorrect options considered by a user.

One example of an input field in which a user may show uncertainty is arequest for a direction (e.g., north versus south). In this example, aform accuracy sub-system determines based, at least in part, on a set ofeye tracking data that the user debated between selecting north andselecting south. After reviewing historical data related to the form,the form accuracy sub-system notifies the user of a potential error inthis input field, and suggests the user consult a compass and confirmthe response. The form accuracy sub-system further notifies the creatorof the form and suggests inclusion of a compass widget on the form toaid users and improve data quality. Alternatively, the form accuracysub-system creates a rule for the form requiring future users to consulta compass and confirm their responses to that input field.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a form accuracy sub-systemstores eye-tracking data about a user with data about a form the usercompleted. In some embodiments of the present invention, a form accuracysub-system analyzes stored eye-tracking data to correct errors in aform. In some embodiments of the present invention, a form accuracysub-system analyzes stored eye-tracking data to complete omitted inputfields in a form. In some embodiments of the present invention, a formaccuracy sub-system improves accuracy of inputs to a form by identifyingan omitted response in a set of responses. In some embodiments of thepresent invention, a form accuracy sub-system determines a correctresponse to an input field based on eye-tracking data from a user. Insome embodiments of the present invention, a form accuracy sub-systeminfers intentions of a user with regard to responses to an input fieldbased, at least in part, on eye-tracking data. In some embodiments ofthe present invention, a form accuracy sub-system offers guidance to auser based on prior responses to an input field and/or eye-trackingdata.

Some embodiments of the present invention interpret eye-tracking data.Some embodiments of the present invention change a form or a response toan input field based, at least in part, on eye-tracking data. Someembodiments of the present invention detect potential unintentional userinput by determining that the user responded to an input field at whichthe user was not looking. Some embodiments of the present inventionadjust mobile computing device content characteristics (e.g., typeface,font size, etc.) based, at least in part, on eye-tracking data (e.g.,squinting, rubbing eyes with a hand, blinking, etc.). Some embodimentsof the present invention evaluate a quality of a layout of a form (e.g.,alignment of input fields, type of input field, etc.) based, at least inpart, on eye-tracking data and an error rate for responses.

IV. Definitions

“Present invention” does not create an absolute indication and/orimplication that the described subject matter is covered by the initialset of claims, as filed, by any as-amended set of claims drafted duringprosecution, and/or by the final set of claims allowed through patentprosecution and included in the issued patent. The term “presentinvention” is used to assist in indicating a portion or multipleportions of the disclosure that might possibly include an advancement ormultiple advancements over the state of the art. This understanding ofthe term “present invention” and the indications and/or implicationsthereof are tentative and provisional and are subject to change duringthe course of patent prosecution as relevant information is developedand as the claims may be amended.

“Embodiment,” see the definition for “present invention.”

“And/or” is the inclusive disjunction, also known as the logicaldisjunction and commonly known as the “inclusive or.” For example, thephrase “A, B, and/or C,” means that at least one of A or B or C is true;and “A, B, and/or C” is only false if each of A and B and C is false.

A “set of” items means there exists one or more items; there must existat least one item, but there can also be two, three, or more items. A“subset of” items means there exists one or more items within a groupingof items that contain a common characteristic.

A “plurality of” items means there exists at more than one item; theremust exist at least two items, but there can also be three, four, ormore items.

“Includes” and any variants (e.g., including, include, etc.) means,unless explicitly noted otherwise, “includes, but is not necessarilylimited to.”

A “user” or a “subscriber” includes, but is not necessarily limited to:(i) a single individual human; (ii) an artificial intelligence entitywith sufficient intelligence to act in the place of a single individualhuman or more than one human; (iii) a business entity for which actionsare being taken by a single individual human or more than one human;and/or (iv) a combination of any one or more related “users” or“subscribers” acting as a single “user” or “subscriber.”

The terms “receive,” “provide,” “send,” “input,” “output,” and “report”should not be taken to indicate or imply, unless otherwise explicitlyspecified: (i) any particular degree of directness with respect to therelationship between an object and a subject; and/or (ii) a presence orabsence of a set of intermediate components, intermediate actions,and/or things interposed between an object and a subject.

A “module” is any set of hardware, firmware, and/or software thatoperatively works to do a function, without regard to whether the moduleis: (i) in a single local proximity; (ii) distributed over a wide area;(iii) in a single proximity within a larger piece of software code; (iv)located within a single piece of software code; (v) located in a singlestorage device, memory, or medium; (vi) mechanically connected; (vii)electrically connected; and/or (viii) connected in data communication. A“sub-module” is a “module” within a “module.”

A “computer” is any device with significant data processing and/ormachine readable instruction reading capabilities including, but notnecessarily limited to: desktop computers; mainframe computers; laptopcomputers; field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based devices; smartphones; personal digital assistants (PDAs); body-mounted or insertedcomputers; embedded device style computers; and/or application-specificintegrated circuit (ASIC) based devices.

“Electrically connected” means either indirectly electrically connectedsuch that intervening elements are present or directly electricallyconnected. An “electrical connection” may include, but need not belimited to, elements such as capacitors, inductors, transformers, vacuumtubes, and the like.

“Mechanically connected” means either indirect mechanical connectionsmade through intermediate components or direct mechanical connections.“Mechanically connected” includes rigid mechanical connections as wellas mechanical connection that allows for relative motion between themechanically connected components. “Mechanically connected” includes,but is not limited to: welded connections; solder connections;connections by fasteners (e.g., nails, bolts, screws, nuts,hook-and-loop fasteners, knots, rivets, quick-release connections,latches, and/or magnetic connections); force fit connections; frictionfit connections; connections secured by engagement caused bygravitational forces; pivoting or rotatable connections; and/or slidablemechanical connections.

A “data communication” includes, but is not necessarily limited to, anysort of data communication scheme now known or to be developed in thefuture. “Data communications” include, but are not necessarily limitedto: wireless communication; wired communication; and/or communicationroutes that have wireless and wired portions. A “data communication” isnot necessarily limited to: (i) direct data communication; (ii) indirectdata communication; and/or (iii) data communication where the format,packetization status, medium, encryption status, and/or protocol remainsconstant over the entire course of the data communication.

The term “real time” includes any time frame of sufficiently shortduration as to provide reasonable response time for informationprocessing as described. Additionally, the term “real time” includeswhat is commonly termed “near real time,” generally any time frame ofsufficiently short duration as to provide reasonable response time foron-demand information processing as described (e.g., within a portion ofa second or within a few seconds). These terms, while difficult toprecisely define, are well understood by those skilled in the art.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer program product comprising: anon-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon:first instructions executable by a device to cause the device to receivea set of input data respectively corresponding to a set of predefinedinput fields in a standardized form; second instructions executable bythe device to cause the device to identify, while receiving the set ofinput data, a set of eye movements of a user in relation to thestandardized form; third instructions executable by the device to causethe device to correlate the set of eye movements to the set of inputdata; fourth instructions executable by the device to cause the deviceto analyze the set of eye movements to determine a set of hesitations bythe user; fifth instructions executable by the device to cause thedevice to determine a set of possible errors in the set of input databased, at least in part, on: a comparison of the set of historical datato the set of input data and the set of eye movements, and the set ofhesitations by the user; sixth instructions executable by the device tocause the device to inform the user of the set of possible errors; andseventh instructions executable by the device to cause the device tosuggest a set of modifications to the standardized form but not theinput data based, at least in part, on the set of possible errors;wherein: the set of predefined input fields includes at least a radiobutton; and the standardized form is on a mobile computing device thatincludes a camera capable of identifying the set of eye movements.